Effects of formaldehyde on respiratory mucosa in rats / Efectos del formaldehído sobre la mucosa respiratoria en ratas

Formaldehyde inhalation, are known to be nasal mucosa irritating feature. This study we are examined the effects histopathologic of formaldehyde inhalation on rats by using light microscopy. 16 adult wistar albino rats were used in this study. 8 rats were in control group and 8 rats were in experiment group. Experiment group was exposed to 10 ppm formaldhyde 8hours/day,5days/week for 8 week. Nasal mucosa was removed and placed in 10 percent formaline. Sections were stained with Hematoxylene-Eosine and observed under light microscopy. The lining epithelium of respiratory mucosa showed a loss of ciliated cells with metaplasia of goblet cells and hyperplasia of squamous cells.

Es conocido que la inhalación de formaldehído tiene caraterísticas irritantes para la mucosa nasal. En este estudio se examinaron los efectos histopatológicos de la inhalación de formaldehído en ratas mediante microscopía de luz. Se utilizaron en este estudio 16 ratas Wistar albinas adultas, ocho ratas como grupo control y ocho como grupo experimental. El grupo experimental fue expuesto a 10 ppm formaldehído 8 horas/día, 5 días/semana por 8 semanas. La mucosa nasal fue retirada y colocada en formalina al 10 por ciento. Las secciones obtenidas fueron teñidas con Hematoxilina-Eosina y observadas al microscopio óptico. El epitelio de revestimiento de la mucosa respiratoria mostró una pérdida de células ciliadas con metaplasia de las células caliciformes e hiperplasia de células escamosas.

The effects of cadmium chloride on the oesophagus of rats / Efecto del cloruro de cadmio sobre el esófago de ratas

Cadmium Chloride (CdC1) is a teratogen which is commonly used in industry. Although it is well known to cause toxicity in testes, kidney, heart and liver, few studies have been carried out in the digestive system. In the present study the effects of CdC1 on the esophagus of rats were investigated Wistar albino rats weighing 180 ­ 200 g were used. The animals were divided into two groups; one group was administered 2 mg/kg/day CdC1 intraperitoneally for one week. Esophagus was removed and placed in 10 percent formaline. Sections were stained with Hematoxylene-Eosine and observed under light microscopy. Hyperplasia in the epithelium, an increase in fibrotic cells under epithelium, hemorrhage in vessels, free floating erythrocytes were all observed following fetal exposure. In conclusion and most importantly, cadmium chloride was found to cause an increase in connective tissue in esophagus mucosa.

El cloruro de cadmio (CdCl2) es una sustancia teratogénica utilizada en la industria. Aunque es conocido por causar toxicidad en testículos, riñones, corazón e hígado, pocos estudios se han realizado en el sistema digestivo. Se estudió el efecto del CdCl2 en el esófago de ratas. Fueron utilizadas 24 ratas Wistar albinas de180-200 g. Los animales fueron divididos en dos grupos: a un grupo se le administró 2 mg/kg/día de CdCl2 vía intraperitoneal durante una semana, y un grupo control. Luego, el esófago fue extraído y fijado en formalina al 10 por ciento. Las secciones fueron teñidas con H-E, examinándose al microscopio óptico. Se observó después de la exposición fetal, hiperplasia epitelial, con un aumento en las células fibróticas en el epitelio y hemorragia en los vasos sin eritrocitos flotantes. Es importante destacar que el cloruro de cadmio causó incremento en el tejido fibroso de la mucosa esofágica.

Ultrastructural changes in the kidney cortex of rats treated with lead acetate / Cambios ultraestructurales en la corteza renal de ratas tratadas con acetato de plomo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural effects of lead on the kidney cortex of rats. Wistar Albino rats (180-200g body weight) were divided into a controlled and lead acetate-exposed group. Rats received lead acetate at 500 ppm in their drinking water for 60 days. Both groups were fed with the same standard food, but lead acetate was added to the drinking water. During the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta of the anesthetised animals. At the end of exposure, body weight and blood lead levels were measured. The kidney tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Cortical renal tubules show various degenerative changes with focal tubular necrosis invaded by inflammatory cells. The ultrastructural alterations found in lead acetate-treated rats were a diminution in the amount of filtration slits, increased fusion of foot processes in epithelial cells of the glomeruli, increase of lysosomal structures and pinocytic vesicles as well as large mitochondria in proximal tubule cells.

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos ultraestructurales del plomo en la corteza renal. Ratas Wistar albinas (180-200g de peso corporal) fueron divididas en grupo control y grupo experimental. Las ratas recibieron 500 ppm de acetato de plomo en el agua potable durante 60 días. Ambos grupos fueron alimentados con el mismo alimento estándar, pero acetato de plomo se le añadió al agua potable al grupo experimental. Durante el período experimental, se tomaron bajo anestesia muestras sanguíneas desde la parte abdominal de la aorta. Al final de la exposición, fueron medidos el peso corporal y los niveles de plomo en la sangre. Fueron preparadas las muestras de tejido renal y se analizaron mediante microscopía de luz y electrónica de transmisión. Los túbulos renales corticales mostraron varios cambios degenerativos con necrosis tubular focal invadida por células inflamatorias. Las alteraciones ultraestructurales encontradas en las ratas tratadas con acetato de plomo correspondieron a una disminución en la cantidad de ranuras de filtración, aumento de la fusión de los procesos podales en las células epiteliales de los glomérulos, aumento de la estructura lisosomal y las vesículas pinocíticas, así como grandes mitocondrias en las células del túbulo proximal.

Histopathological changes in incisive teeth of the newborn pups of cadmium-applied female rats during pregnancy / Cambios histopatológicos en dientes incisivos de crías neonatos de ratas hembras bajo suministro de cadmio durante la preñez

Cadmium Chloride is a well known teratogen compared to other metals. Cadmium affects placental function, may cross the placental barrier and modify fetal development. In this study, 12 female Wistar albino rats weighted between 180-200gr were used. They were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups each comprising 6 female animals. 2mg/kg/day cadmium chloride dissolved in 1ml isotonic solution were intravenously injected from tail vein of experimental rats during 17-21 days of pregnancy. At first day of birth, the total body weights of control and experimental newborn pups were taken. This study aims to evaluate morphologically the effects of cadmium chloride on the incisive teeth development of pups born to the cadmium-applied female rats during pregnancy.

Cloruro de cadmio es un teratógeno conocido en comparación con otros metales. El cadmio afecta la función placentaria, pudiendo atravesar la barrera placentaria y modificar el desarrollo del feto. Fueron utilizadas 12 ratas hembras Wistar albinas, entre 180-200g de peso. Se dividieron en dos grupos de seis hembras cada uno, grupo experimental y control. Se inyectó, a través de una vena de la cola de las ratas del grupo experimental por vía endovenosa 2mg/kg/día de cloruro de cadmio disuelto en 1 ml de solución isotónica, durante 17-21 días de gestación. Al primer día de nacimiento, se pesaron las crías de los grupos control y experimental. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar morfológicamente los efectos del cadmio sobre el desarrollo de los dientes incisivos de crías recién nacidas de ratas hembras a quienes se les inyectó cadmio durante la preñez.

Prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy in a Turkish community.

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence victimization of women during pregnancy by intimate partner throughout marriage in a Turkish community. Pregnant women living in the servicing area of selected health centers in Elazig were considered for the study and data were obtained through a questionnaire. A total of 249 pregnant women, mean age 26.8 +/- 5.2 years and the mean gravidity 2.6 +/- 1.7, were involved. Of the 249 women, 28.9% were exposed to at least one case of physical violence throughout matrimony, 12.4% being abused during the previous year and 4.8% during the current pregnancy, 30.5% were exposed to verbal insult and 4.4% exposed to sexual abuse during the current pregnancy. In addition, 25.7% were exposed to one or more types of domestic violence during previous pregnancies. There was a significant correlation between the rate of violent victimization and number of children, and the partner's alcohol habits and socioeconomical status of the families (p < 0.05). Results from the self-report of the receiving end of violent behaviors indicate that the rates of any type of intimate partner violence were very high among pregnant women in this studied Turkish population. Efforts to reduce the incidence of this women's rights and public health problem should be given high priority.